Microporous Organic Polyimides for CO₂ and H₂O Capture and Separation from CH₄ and N₂ Mixtures : Interplay between Porosity and Chemical Function

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Klumpen, Christoph ; Breunig, Marion ; Homburg, Thomas ; Stock, Norbert ; Senker, Jürgen:
Microporous Organic Polyimides for CO₂ and H₂O Capture and Separation from CH₄ and N₂ Mixtures : Interplay between Porosity and Chemical Function.
In: Chemistry of Materials. Bd. 28 (2016) Heft 15 . - S. 5461-5470.
ISSN 1520-5002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01949

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Abstract

Porous polyimides have been considered to be a promising material class for gas capture and sequestration, leading to the synthesis of a substantial number of individual networks with noteworthy sorption properties. In spite of these efforts, the vision of a chemical control of adsorption and desorption of small molecules, in particular, for the competing uptake of technical relevant gas mixtures, is still hardly investigated. Here, we present a systematic study of five new polyimide networks based on a set of linkers with chemical functionalities covering the full range from hydrophobic to hydrophilic interactions. The corresponding microporous organic polyimides (MOPI-I to -V) were synthesized successfully based on a condensation reaction between amino and anhydride linker molecules in m-cresol at high temperatures, resulting in cross-linking degrees beyond 95% in all cases. Argon and carbon dioxide isotherms reveal surface areas up to 940 m²/g with ultramicroporosity, about 50% microporosity and high thermal stabilities under air with decomposition temperatures up to 480 °C. Sorption screening for variable temperatures revealed remarkable uptakes for carbon dioxide up to 3.8 mmol/g and water vapor up to 19.5 mmol/g combined with a smooth gate opening around 0.25 p/p0 for MOPI-IV. In contrast, for MOPI-V the water vapor uptake decreases down to 7 mmol/g. Interestingly, the trend of the selectivities calculated by IAST and Henry does not correlate with the uptake behavior. For instance, MOPI-I and MOPI-III exhibit with 78 and 13 the highest CO₂ over N₂ and CH₄ Henry selectivities, although their CO₂ uptake is around 3.0 mmol/g. In total, we attribute the sorption properties for this class of materials mainly to the void size and shape within the ultramicroporous region. The chemical environment of the surfaces seems to have little influence on the uptake and a stronger effect on the separation behavior.