Electrospun copper oxide nanofibers for H2S dosimetry

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Hennemann, Jörg ; Sauerwald, Tilman ; Kohl, Claus-Dieter ; Wagner, Thorsten ; Bognitzki, Michael ; Greiner, Andreas:
Electrospun copper oxide nanofibers for H2S dosimetry.
In: Physica Status Solidi A. Bd. 209 (2012) Heft 5 . - S. 911-916.
ISSN 1521-396X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201100588

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Abstract

We present the preparation and characterization of a novel copper(II)oxide (CuO) nanofiber based sensor with very high sensitivity and selectivity to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The working principle is based on the phase transition of semi-conducting p-type CuO to strongly degenerated p-type copper sulfide (CuS) with metallic conductivity. Electrospun polymer fiber networks of polyvinyl butyrate (PVB) and Cu(NO3)(2) were attached on standard gas sensing substrates and calcined to CuO at 600 degrees C in ambient air for 24 h. Continuous exposure to H2S (0.1-5 ppm) as well as a sequence of 1 ppm H2S pulses result in a dosimeter type behavior of the nanofiber sensors. Triggered by a certain dose (gas concentration multiplied by time) a steep conductance increase of the sensitive layer over several orders of magnitude is observed. After reaching this percolation threshold only small conductance changes were observed. These fiber based sensors show a remarkably high specificity, there is no response to carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane at 160 degrees C. The fiber network can be regenerated by raising the operating temperature to 350 degrees C for 30 min in absence of H2S.