Backbone Engineering of Benzodifurandione-Based n-Type OMIECs With Antiambipolar Behavior

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Gunturkun, Dilara ; Meli, Dilara ; Kuhn, Meike ; Herzig, Eva M. ; Rivnay, Jonathan ; Nielsen, Christian B.:
Backbone Engineering of Benzodifurandione-Based n-Type OMIECs With Antiambipolar Behavior.
In: Advanced Electronic Materials. Bd. 12 (2026) Heft 18 . - e70567.
ISSN 2199-160X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.70567

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Abstract

Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) are key components for the next-generation bioelectronics, albeit with n-type materials remaining significantly underrepresented compared to their p-type counterparts. Furthermore, reaching low operating voltages alongside high ambient and operational stability remains challenging when employing n-type OMIECs in organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based applications. Herein, we report two novel n-type polymeric OMIECs, based on an azaisatin and benzodifurandione-based backbone, incorporating either non-fluorinated or fluorinated bithiophene donor units. The resulting polymers, obtained via Aldol polymerization, have high electron affinities of 4.5–4.7 eV. Both polymers function in n-type accumulation mode OECTs with indications of tunable antiambipolar behavior. The fluorinated polymer displays a low threshold voltage of 0.14 V, while the non-fluorinated analogue offers excellent operational stability, with the OECT retaining 96% of its initial current after 1800 s of cycling.