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Wesselink, Lambert G. ; Meiwes, Karl Josef ; Matzner, Egbert ; Stein, Alfred:
Long-term changes in water and soil chemistry in spruce and beech forests, Solling, Germany.
In: Environmental Science & Technology.
Bd. 29
(1995)
Heft 1
.
- S. 51-58.
ISSN 0013-936X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es00001a006
Abstract
With declining sulfur emissions in western Europe,the degree and time scales of reversibility of soil andfreshwater acidification are of major interest. Weanalyzed long-term changes (1969-1991) in the chemistryof bulk precipitation, throughfall water, soilwater, and exchangeable base cations in a beech anda spruce forest in Solling, Germany. Time trendsin dissolved and exchangeable pools of base cationsin the soils were compared with simulations froma simple mechanistic soil chemistry model to identifythe processes controlling long-term changes in soilchemistry. In the early 1970s, profound acidificationoccurred in the spruce and beech soils due toincreasing concentrations of dissolved S04. After 1976,atmospheric deposition of SO4 decreased significantlyas a result of reduced industrial emissions.Nevertheless, acidification continued in the sprucesoil due to declining atmospheric inputs of Ca andMg and continuously high dissolved SO4 in the soil.In the beech soil, with lower deposition levels,smaller declines of base cation deposition, and a morediluted soil solution, reduced atmospheric inputs ofSO4 in the 1980s started off a recovery of the soil‘sbase saturation.