A real-time pricing scheme for residential energy systems using a market maker

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Braun, Philipp ; Grüne, Lars ; Kellett, Christopher M. ; Weller, Steven R. ; Worthmann, Karl:
A real-time pricing scheme for residential energy systems using a market maker.
Department of Mathematics, University of Bayreuth; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Australia; Technische Universität Ilmenau
Bayreuth , 2015 . - 4 S.

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Abstract

Voltage rise is an undesirable side-effect of solar
photovoltaic (PV) generation, arising from the flow of surplus electrical power back into the grid when PV generation exceeds local demand. Customers deploying residential-scale battery storage are likely to further exacerbate voltage rise problems for electrical utilities unless the charge/discharge schedules of batteries is appropriately coordinated. In this paper, we present a real-time pricing mechanism for use in a network of
distributed residential energy systems (RESs), each employing solar PV generation and battery storage. The pricing mechanism proposed in this paper is based on a Market Maker algorithm in which predicted power profiles and real-time pricing information is iteratively exchanged between a central entity and each of the RESs. The Market Maker formulation presented in this paper is shown via simulation studies to converge to a fixed price vector, thereby reducing the price volatility observed in an earlier formulation, while achieving the same reduction in power usage variability as a centralised model predictive control (MPC) scheme presented previously.