GazeRoomLock : Using Gaze and Head-Pose to Improve the Usability and Observation Resistance of 3D Passwords in Virtual Reality

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George, Ceenu ; Buschek, Daniel ; Ngao, Andrea ; Khamis, Mohamed:
GazeRoomLock : Using Gaze and Head-Pose to Improve the Usability and Observation Resistance of 3D Passwords in Virtual Reality.
In: De Paolis, Lucio Tommaso ; Bourdot, Patrick (Hrsg.): Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Computer Graphics. Part 1. - Cham : Springer International Publishing , 2020 . - S. 61-81 . - (Image Processing, Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, and Graphics ; 12242 )
ISBN 978-3-030-58465-8

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Abstract

Authentication has become an important component of Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) applications, such as virtual shopping stores, social networks, and games. Recent work showed that compared to traditional graphical and alphanumeric passwords, a more promising form of passwords for IVR is 3D passwords. This work evaluates four multimodal techniques for entering 3D passwords in IVR that consist of multiple virtual objects selected in succession. Namely, we compare eye gaze and head pose for pointing, and dwell time and tactile input for selection. A comparison of a) usability in terms of entry time, error rate, and memorability, and b) resistance to real world and offline observations, reveals that: multimodal authentication in IVR by pointing at targets using gaze, and selecting them using a handheld controller significantly improves usability and security compared to the other methods and to prior work. We discuss how the choice of pointing and selection methods impacts the usability and security of 3D passwords in IVR.