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Vancomycin Reduces Cell Wall Stiffness and Slows Swim Speed of the Lyme Disease Bacterium

Titelangaben

Harman, Michael W. ; Hamby, Alex E. ; Boltyanskiy, Ross ; Belperron, Alexia A. ; Bockenstedt, Linda K. ; Kress, Holger ; Dufresne, Eric R. ; Wolgemuth, Charles W.:
Vancomycin Reduces Cell Wall Stiffness and Slows Swim Speed of the Lyme Disease Bacterium.
In: Biophysical Journal. Bd. 112 (2017) Heft 4 . - S. 746-754.
ISSN 1542-0086
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.039

Volltext

Link zum Volltext (externe URL): Volltext

Abstract

Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, is a tick-transmitted pathogen that requires motility to invade and colonize mammalian and tick hosts. These bacteria use a unique undulating flat-wave shape to penetrate and propel themselves through host tissues. Previous mathematical modeling has suggested that the morphology and motility of these spirochetes depends crucially on the flagellar/cell wall stiffness ratio. Here, we test this prediction using the antibiotic vancomycin to weaken the cell wall. We found that low to moderate doses of vancomycin (≤2.0 μg/mL for 24 h) produced small alterations in cell shape and that as the dose was increased, cell speed decreased. Vancomycin concentrations >1.0 μg/mL also inhibited cell growth and led to bleb formation on a fraction of the cells. To quantitatively assess how vancomycin affects cell stiffness, we used optical traps to bend unflagellated mutants of B. burgdorferi. We found that in the presence of vancomycin, cell wall stiffness gradually decreased over time, with a 40 reduction in the bending stiffness after 36 h. Under the same conditions, the swimming speed of wild-type B. burgdorferi slowed by ∼15, with only marginal changes to cell morphology. Interestingly, our biophysical model for the swimming dynamics of B. burgdorferi suggested that cell speed should increase with decreasing cell stiffness. We show that this discrepancy can be resolved if the periplasmic volume decreases as the cell wall becomes softer. These results provide a testable hypothesis for how alterations of cell wall stiffness affect periplasmic volume regulation. Furthermore, since motility is crucial to the virulence of B. burgdorferi, the results suggest that sublethal doses of antibiotics could negatively impact spirochete survival by impeding their swim speed, thereby enabling their capture and elimination by phagocytes.

Weitere Angaben

Publikationsform: Artikel in einer Zeitschrift
Begutachteter Beitrag: Ja
Institutionen der Universität: Fakultäten
Fakultäten > Fakultät für Mathematik, Physik und Informatik
Fakultäten > Fakultät für Mathematik, Physik und Informatik > Physikalisches Institut
Fakultäten > Fakultät für Mathematik, Physik und Informatik > Physikalisches Institut > Professur Experimentalphysik VI - Biologische Physik
Fakultäten > Fakultät für Mathematik, Physik und Informatik > Physikalisches Institut > Professur Experimentalphysik VI - Biologische Physik > Professur Experimentalphysik VI - Biologische Physik - Univ.-Prof. Dr. Holger Kreß
Profilfelder > Advanced Fields > Molekulare Biowissenschaften
Profilfelder
Profilfelder > Advanced Fields
Titel an der UBT entstanden: Nein
Themengebiete aus DDC: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 530 Physik
500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
Eingestellt am: 26 Feb 2021 10:09
Letzte Änderung: 25 Apr 2022 13:15
URI: https://eref.uni-bayreuth.de/id/eprint/63462