Leveraging Advanced Ensemble Models to Increase Building Energy Performance Prediction Accuracy in the Residential Building Sector

Titelangaben

Konhäuser, Koray ; Wenninger, Simon ; Werner, Tim ; Wiethe, Christian:
Leveraging Advanced Ensemble Models to Increase Building Energy Performance Prediction Accuracy in the Residential Building Sector.
In: Energy and Buildings. (2022) . - No. 112242.
ISSN 0378-7788
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112242

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Abstract

Accurate predictions for buildings’ energy performance (BEP) are crucial for retrofitting investment decisions and building benchmarking. With the increasing data availability and popularity of ma-chine learning across disciplines, research started to investigate machine learning for BEP predic-tions. While stand-alone machine learning models showed first promising results, a comprehensive analysis of advanced ensemble models to increase prediction accuracy is missing for annual BEP predictions. We implement and thoroughly tune twelve machine learning models to bridge this re-search gap, ranging from stand-alone to homogeneous and heterogeneous ensemble learning mod-els. Based on an extensive real-world dataset of over 25,000 German residential buildings, we benchmark their prediction accuracy. The results provide strong evidence that ensemble models substantially outperform stand-alone machine learning models both on average and in case of the best-performing model. All models are tested for robustness and systematic bias by evaluating their prediction performance along different building age classes, living space bins, and several error measures. Extreme gradient boosting as ensemble model exhibits the highest prediction accuracy, followed by a multilayer perceptron ahead of further ensemble models. We conclude that ensemble models for annual BEP prediction are advantageous compared to stand-alone models and outper-form their results in most cases.