Instability of interactives : The case of interjections in Gorwaa

Titelangaben

Andrason, Alexander ; Harvey, Andrew:
Instability of interactives : The case of interjections in Gorwaa.
In: Open Linguistics. Bd. 10 (2024) Heft 1 . - 20240033.
ISSN 2300-9969
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2024-0033

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Abstract

This article studies the morpho-phonetic instability of interactives through the example of Gorwaa interjections. The analysis of 91 constructions demonstrates that, in Gorwaa, interjections are highly unstable: the number of idiolectal interjections is much larger than that of shared interjections, and the interjections of both sets form clusters – spaces composed of constructions connected through the family resemblance of a formal and functional type. The formal modifications are achieved through prolongation, replication, alternation (of phones/features), and concatenation, and are related to changes in meaning and the polysemy inherent to interjections. Overall, the interjective category is modeled as a dynamic/fuzzy network of related (formally/functionally) constructions. The grammatical profiles of shared and idiolectal interjections are identical and corroborate the validity of the prototype of interjections. The refinements proposed include a preference for [j] over [w], a tendency toward (extra-)high tones and decreasing tonal patterns, the use of gutturals and clicks as the most common extra-systematic sounds and that of clicks as genuine consonants in non-click languages, the iconic foundation of some interjections and their relationship to babytalk, as well as the close relationship of interjections with the |A| place of articulation.

Abstract in weiterer Sprache

Makala haya huchunguza ukosefu wa uthabiti wa mofo-fonetiki ya viingiliano (yaani: interactives) kupitia mfano wa vihisishi (yaani: interjections) vya Kigorowa. Uchanganuzi wa miundo 91 unaonyesha kwamba, katika Kigorowa, vihisishi ni visivyo thabiti sana: idadi ya vihisishi vya mitindopeke (yaani: idiolectal) ni kubwa zaidi kuliko ile ya vihisishi vinavyoshirikwa kati ya wazungumzaji, na vihisishi vya seti zote mbili huunda nguzo - nafasi zinazoundwa na miundo iliyounganishwa kupitia kufanana kwa familia. aina rasmi na ya kazi. Marekebisho rasmi yanaafikiwa kupitia kurefusha, urudufishaji, ubadilishaji (wa simu/vipengele), na upatanisho, na yanahusiana na mabadiliko ya maana na polisemia asilia kwa vihisishi. Kwa jumla, kundi la kihisishi limeundwa kama mtandao unaobadilikabadilika wa miundo inayohusiana (kiumbo/kitendo). Wasifu wa kisarufi wa vihisishi vilivyoshirikiwa na vya mitindopeke vinafanana na vinathibitisha uhalali wa mfano wa vihisishi. Maboresho yaliyopendekezwa ni pamoja na upendeleo wa [j] zaidi ya [w], mwelekeo wa toni za juu sana, na mifumo ya toni inayopungua, matumizi ya sauti zinazotenlenezwa kwenye koo kama sauti za kawaida na vidoko (yani: clicks) kama konsonanti halisi katika lugha zisizo za vidoko, msingi wa tanakali (yaani: iconic) wa baadhi ya vihisishi na uhusiano wao na lugha ya watoto (yaani: babytalk), pamoja na uhusiano wa karibu wa vihisishi na mahali pa kutamka pa |A|.