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Purnhagen, Kai:
Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, Agri-business, Food and Nutrition : Governance, Data Dependence, and Strategic Implications.
In: Hacker, Philipp
(Hrsg.):
Oxford Intersections: AI in Society : Business, Industry, and Finance. -
Oxford
: Oxford University Press
,
2026
ISBN 9780198945215
Abstract
This article examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming agriculture, agri-business, food production, and nutrition, arguing that AI should be understood as a tool enabling systemic transformation of food systems. It contends that the growing dependence on data and digital infrastructures reshapes governance, market power, and regulatory capacity, creating new legal, economic, and geopolitical challenges. It analyses the deployment of AI across agricultural production, global supply chains, and personalized nutrition, highlighting both the opportunities for improved productivity, sustainability, and food security and the risks associated with market concentration, technological lock-in, and data dependence. It further evaluates the adequacy of existing legal governance frameworks, including the European Union (EU) Artificial Intelligence Act, the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), EU food law, EU competition law, EU data governance rules, Codex Alimentarius, and World Trade Organization (WTO) law, in addressing these developments. It concludes that current regulatory frameworks remain fragmented and only partially equipped to govern the challenges arising from AI-enabled food systems. It argues that effective AI governance requires coordinated, risk-based, and technology-neutral regulation that promotes transparency, accountability, fair competition, and equitable access to data while supporting innovation and resilient, sustainable, and inclusive food systems.