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Brumme, Rainer ; Borken, Werner ; Prenzel, Jürgen:
Soil respiration.
In:
Brumme, Rainer ; Khanna, Partap K. (Hrsg.): Functioning and Management of European Beech Ecosystems. -
Berlin
: Springer
,
2009
. - S. 337-352
. - (Ecological Studies
; 208
)
ISBN 978-3-642-00339-4
Abstract
The recent discussion about global climate change has intensified the role of soilswhich may act as a sink or a source of carbon under changing environmentalconditions (Schulze 2000; Valentini 2003). A decrease of organic carbon by 10%in the whole world soils would be equivalent to all the anthropogenic CO2 emittedover 30 years (Kirschbaum 2000). It is generally argued that with an increase inglobal warming both net primary production (NPP) and decomposition of soilorganic carbon (SOC) will increase (Kirschbaum 1995, 2000). The issue is which ofthese processes are stimulated by increasing temperature. Soil respiration includesheterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration, and their temperature sensitivitieswill largely determine the effect of a warmer world on net carbon flux betweensoils and atmosphere (Boone et al. 1998). However, there is increasing evidencethat soil respiration is determined more by carbohydrate supply than by temperature(Ho¨gberg et al. 2001).A reliable technique of measuring respiration that provides temporal and spatialvariations in the soil and autotrophic respiration is required for assessing ecosystemlevels effects. Another issue is whether forest soils, which have been affected byacid and nitrogen deposition or liming, will react differently to changing climate.We will therefore consider: (1) methodological aspects of assessing soil respirationby using chambers, (2) ways to obtain reliable flux estimates with consideration oftemporal and spatial variations, (3) evaluation of annual CO2 fluxes from three beechforest soils, (4) the contribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration to soilrespiration, (5) the temperature sensitivity of autotrophic respiration and heterotrophicrespiration, and (6) the effect of liming and N-fertilisation and stand harvestingby the formation of small gaps on soil respiration.