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Ekblad, A. ; Wallander, H. ; Godbold, Douglas L. ; Johnson, D. ; Baldrian, P. ; Björk, R. G. ; Cruz, C. ; Epron, D. ; Kjöller, R. ; Kieliszewska-Rokicka, B. ; Kraigher, H. ; Matzner, Egbert ; Neumann, Jonny ; Plassard, C.:
The production and turnover of extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest soils : role in carbon cycling.
In: Plant and Soil.
Bd. 366
(2013)
.
- S. 1-27.
ISSN 1573-5036
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1630-3
Abstract
There is growing evidence of the importance of extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of mycorrhizalfungi in carbon (C) cycling in ecosystems. However, our understanding has until recently been mainly based on laboratory experiments, and knowledge of such basic parameters as variations inmycelial production, standing biomass and turnover as well as the regulatory mechanisms behind such variations in forest soils is limited. Presently, the productionof EMM by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi has been estimated at ~140 different forest sites to be up toseveral hundreds of kg per ha per year, but the published data are biased towards Picea abies inScandinavia. Little is known about the standing biomass and turnover of EMM in other systems, and itsinfluence on the C stored or lost from soils. Here, focussing on ectomycorrhizas, we discuss the factors that regulate the production and turnover of EMM andits role in soil C dynamics, identifying important gaps in this knowledge. C availability seems to be the key factor determining EMM production and possibly itsstanding biomass in forests but direct effects of mineral nutrient availability on the EMM can be important. There is great uncertainty about the rate ofturnover of EMM. There is increasing evidence that residues of EM fungi play a major role in the formation of stable N and C in SOM, which highlights the need to include mycorrhizal effects in models of global soil C stores.