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Prechtel, Annette ; Alewell, Christine ; Armbruster, Martin ; Bittersohl, Jochen ; Cullen, J. M. ; Evans, Christopher D. ; Heliwell, R. ; Kopáček, Jiří ; Marchetto, Aldo ; Matzner, Egbert ; Meesenburg, Henning ; Moldan, Filip ; Moritz, K. ; Veselý, Josef ; Wright, Richard F.:
Response of sulphur dynamics in European catchments to decreasing sulphate deposition.
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.
Bd. 5
(2001)
Heft 3
.
- S. 311-326.
ISSN 1607-7938
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-311-2001
Abstract
Following the decline in sulphur deposition in Europe, sulphate dynamics of catchments and the reversibility of anthropogenic acidificationof soils and freshwaters became of major interest. Long-term trends in sulphate concentrations and fluxes in precipitation/throughfall andfreshwaters of 20 European catchments were analysed to evaluate catchment response to decreasing sulphate deposition. Sulphate depositionin the catchments studied declined by 38-82% during the last decade. Sulphate concentrations in all freshwaters decreased significantly, butacidification reversal was clearly delayed in the German streams. In Scandinavian streams and Czech/Slovakian lakes sulphate concentrationsresponded quickly to decreased input. Sulphate fluxes in run-off showed no clear trend in Germany and Italy but decreased in Scandinavia,the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The decrease, however, was less than the decline in input fluxes. While long-term sulphate output fluxesfrom catchments were generally correlated to input fluxes, most catchments started a net release of sulphate during the early 1990s. Releaseof stored sulphate leads to a delay of acidification reversal and can be caused by four major processes. Desorption and excess mineralisationwere regarded as the most important for the catchments investigated, while oxidation and weathering were of lesser importance for the longtermrelease of sulphate. Input from weathering has to be considered for the Italian catchments. Sulphate fluxes in German catchments, withdeeply weathered soils and high soil storage capacity, responded more slowly to decreased deposition than catchments in Scandinavia and theCzech Republic/Slovakia, which have thin soils and relatively small sulphate storage. For predictions of acidification reversal, soilcharacteristics, sulphur pools and their dynamics have to be evaluated in future research.