High-Pressure Mg₃Cl₇ Synthesized in a Diamond Anvil Cell as a Polar Metal with Second-Harmonic Generation

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Yin, Yuqing ; Dubrovinsky, Leonid ; Tasnádi, Ferenc ; Abrikosov, Igor A. ; Aslandukov, Andrii ; Aslandukova, Alena ; Akbar, Fariia Iasmin ; Zhou, Wenju ; Knoop, Florian ; Laniel, Dominique ; Pakhomova, Anna ; Fedotenko, Timofey ; Glazyrin, Konstantin ; Garbarino, Gaston ; Fang, Haixing ; Dubrovinskaia, Natalia:
High-Pressure Mg₃Cl₇ Synthesized in a Diamond Anvil Cell as a Polar Metal with Second-Harmonic Generation.
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. Bd. 147 (2025) Heft 36 . - S. 32591-32599.
ISSN 1520-5126
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c07812

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Abstract

Polar metals have attracted growing interest due to both their significance in fundamental science and their potential functionalities. Here, we report the discovery of a novel polar metal, magnesium chloride Mg3Cl7, in which the metallicity of the polar structure is uniquely driven by attractive halogen interactions. Mg3Cl7 was synthesized in laser-heated diamond anvil cells and observed at pressures of 28(2)–93(3) GPa. Synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the structure of the new compound has polar hexagonal space group P63mc, representing an example of a previously unknown anti-Th7Fe3 structure type. Measurements of the physical properties have shown that the material is a metallic conductor capable of emitting second-harmonic generation light. Ab initio calculations support experimental findings and reveal complex halogen–halogen interactions, anionic metallicity, anisotropic electronic structure, and the presence of Dirac and Weyl points at the Fermi level. Our findings broaden the family of polar metals, provide new insight into halogen bonding under extreme conditions, and offer a platform for further exploration of materials’ unconventional electronic behavior.Polar metals have attracted growing interest due to both their significance in fundamental science and their potential functionalities. Here, we report the discovery of a novel polar metal, magnesium chloride Mg3Cl7, in which the metallicity of the polar structure is uniquely driven by attractive halogen interactions. Mg3Cl7 was synthesized in laser-heated diamond anvil cells and observed at pressures of 28(2)–93(3) GPa. Synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the structure of the new compound has polar hexagonal space group P63mc, representing an example of a previously unknown anti-Th7Fe3 structure type. Measurements of the physical properties have shown that the material is a metallic conductor capable of emitting second-harmonic generation light. Ab initio calculations support experimental findings and reveal complex halogen–halogen interactions, anionic metallicity, anisotropic electronic structure, and the presence of Dirac and Weyl points at the Fermi level. Our findings broaden the family of polar metals, provide new insight into halogen bonding under extreme conditions, and offer a platform for further exploration of materials’ unconventional electronic behavior.