Novel Operation Strategy to Obtain a Fast Gas Sensor for Continuous ppb-Level NO₂ Detection at Room Temperature Using ZnO : A Concept Study with Experimental Proof

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Wagner, Ricarda ; Schönauer-Kamin, Daniela ; Moos, Ralf:
Novel Operation Strategy to Obtain a Fast Gas Sensor for Continuous ppb-Level NO₂ Detection at Room Temperature Using ZnO : A Concept Study with Experimental Proof.
In: Sensors. Bd. 19 (2019) Heft 19 . - 4104.
ISSN 1424-8220
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194104

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Abstract

A novel sensor operation concept for detecting ppb-level NO₂ concentrations at room temperature is introduced. Today’s research efforts are directed to make the sensors as fast as possible (low response and recovery times). Nevertheless, hourly mean values can hardly be precisely calculated, as the sensors are still too slow and show baseline drifts. Therefore, the integration error becomes too large. The suggested concept follows exactly the opposite path. The sensors should be made as slow as possible and operated as resistive gas dosimeters. The adsorption/desorption equilibrium should be completely shifted to the adsorption side during a sorption phase. The gas-sensitive material adsorbs each NO₂ molecule (dose) impinging and the sensor signal increases linearly with the NO₂ dose. The actual concentration value results from the time derivative, which makes the response very fast. When the NO₂ adsorption capacity of the sensor material is exhausted, it is regenerated with ultraviolet (UV) light and the baseline is reached again. Since the baseline is newly redefined after each regeneration step, no baseline drift occurs. Because each NO₂ molecule that reaches the sensor material contributes to the sensor signal, a high sensitivity results. The sensor behavior of ZnO known so far indicates that ZnO may be suitable to be applied as a room-temperature chemiresistive NO₂ dosimeter. Because UV enhances desorption of sorbed gas species from the ZnO surface, regeneration by UV light should be feasible. An experimental proof demonstrating that the sensor concept works at room temperature for ppb-level NO₂ concentrations and low doses is given.