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Steiner, Thomas ; Zhang, Yuanhu ; Möller, Julia N. ; Agarwal, Seema ; Löder, Martin G. J. ; Greiner, Andreas ; Laforsch, Christian ; Freitag, Ruth:
Municipal biowaste treatment plants contribute to the contamination of the environment with residues of biodegradable plastics with putative higher persistence potential.
In: Scientific Reports.
Bd. 12
(2022)
.
- 9021.
ISSN 2045-2322
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12912-z
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Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – SFB 1357 – 391977956. We also gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Ministry of the Environment, Climate Protection and Energy, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany (Project: MiKoBo, reference number BWMK18001 and BWMK18007). Open Access Publishing was funded by the German Research Foundation – 491183248 and the Open Access Publishing Fund of the University of Bayreuth. |
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics (BDP) are expected to mineralize easily, in particular under conditions of technical composting. However, the complexity of the sample matrix has largely prevented degradation studies under realistic conditions. Here composts and fertilizers from state-of-the-art municipal combined anaerobic/aerobic biowaste treatment plants were investigated for residues of BDP. We found BDP fragments \textgreater 1 mm in significant numbers in the final composts intended as fertilizer for agriculture and gardening. Compared to pristine compostable bags, the recovered BDP fragments showed differences in their material properties, which potentially renders them less prone to further biodegradation. BDP fragments \textless 1 mm were extracted in bulk and came up to 0.43 wt% of compost dry weight. Finally, the liquid fertilizer produced during the anaerobic treatment contained several thousand BDP fragments \textless 500 µm per liter. Hence, our study questions, if currently available BDP are compatible with applications in areas of environmental relevance, such as fertilizer production.