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Raupach, Michael ; Hendrich, Lars ; Küchler, Stefan ; Deister, Fabian ; Morinière, Jerome ; Gossner, Martin M.:
Building-Up of a DNA Barcode Library for True Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Germany Reveals Taxonomic Uncertainties and Surprises.
In: PLoS One.
Bd. 9
(2014)
Heft 9
.
- No. e106940.
ISSN 1932-6203
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106940
Abstract
During the last few years, DNA barcoding has become an efficient method for the identification of species. In the case ofinsects, most published DNA barcoding studies focus on species of the Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera andespecially Lepidoptera. In this study we test the efficiency of DNA barcoding for true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), anecological and economical highly important as well as morphologically diverse insect taxon. As part of our study weanalyzed DNA barcodes for 1742 specimens of 457 species, comprising 39 families of the Heteroptera. We found lownucleotide distances with a minimum pairwise K2P distance ,2.2% within 21 species pairs (39 species). For ten of thesespecies pairs (18 species), minimum pairwise distances were zero. In contrast to this, deep intraspecific sequencedivergences with maximum pairwise distances .2.2% were detected for 16 traditionally recognized and valid species. Witha successful identification rate of 91.5% (418 species) our study emphasizes the use of DNA barcodes for the identification oftrue bugs and represents an important step in building-up a comprehensive barcode library for true bugs in Germany andCentral Europe as well. Our study also highlights the urgent necessity of taxonomic revisions for various taxa of theHeteroptera, with a special focus on various species of the Miridae. In this context we found evidence for on-goinghybridization events within various taxonomically challenging genera (e.g. Nabis Latreille, 1802 (Nabidae), Lygus Hahn, 1833(Miridae), Phytocoris Falle´n, 1814 (Miridae)) as well as the putative existence of cryptic species (e.g. Aneurus avenius (Duffour,1833) (Aradidae) or Orius niger (Wolff, 1811) (Anthocoridae)).