Synthesis and Characterization of Dual-Functional Carbamates as Blowing and Curing Agents for Epoxy Foam

Titelangaben

Bethke, Christian ; Kaysser, Simon T. ; Du Ngoc, Uy Lan ; Goller, Sebastian M. ; van der Zwan, Kasper P. ; Senker, Jürgen ; Ruckdäschel, Holger ; Altstädt, Volker:
Synthesis and Characterization of Dual-Functional Carbamates as Blowing and Curing Agents for Epoxy Foam.
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. Bd. 60 (2021) Heft 19 . - S. 7065-7080.
ISSN 1520-5045
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05262

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Abstract

With regard to upcoming regulations of common chemical blowing agents for epoxy foams, carbamates provide suitable alternatives. They act as blowing agents releasing CO2 and cure epoxy resins after decomposition and amine release. Thus, no undesired byproducts occur. In this study, a detailed analysis of the chemical structures, the decomposition, and the curing behavior of the carbamates received from N-aminoethylpiperazine (B-AEP), 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diamine (B-DMC), and isophorone diamine (B-IPDA) was attempted. The carbamates were finally used for foaming of diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA)-based epoxy resins at different temperatures. By this, the performance of the carbamates in a foaming experiment could be qualitatively compared. The results show that all carbamates are suitable for foaming at specifically adapted temperatures. While B-DMC is able to foam properly only at 80 degrees C, B-IPDA requires 100-120 degrees C, and B-AEP is best used for foaming in the range between 120 and 140 degrees C.