Psychologische Theorien als finite Automaten

Titelangaben

Schoppek, Wolfgang:
Psychologische Theorien als finite Automaten.
In: Wendt, Alexander Nicolai ; Holt, Daniel V. ; von Stockhausen, Lisa (Hrsg.): Komplexität und Problemlösen : Festschrift für Joachim Funke zum 70. Geburtstag. - Heidelberg : Heidelberg University Publishing , 2025 . - S. 249-268
ISBN 978-3-96822-171-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17885/heiup.1067.c23282

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Abstract

Many psychological theories can be described as specifying psychic states and conditions that govern transitions among those states. These theories' structures resemble that of a finite automaton, specifically a non-deterministic one where state transitions occur with certain probabilities. The chapter explores the potential of using automata theory to reconstruct psychological theories, using a deterministic automaton based on the Moore model for simplicity. This is demonstrated with the example of the strength model of self-control and applied to a question from problem solving research, asking for the conditions that trigger effortful reasoning. This endeavor encourages a systematic reflection on the states in which a psychological system may exist. By considering how many dimensions these states can be described with and whether these dimensions must be independent of each other, it prompts deeper thought. Since states play a role in many theories, comparing them allows for potential unification by identifying equivalent states. Exploring the relevant dimensions for describing states reveals that psychological theories often address only very specific states. This raises questions about the significance of neglected states and the potential for new discoveries within them. Ultimately, the question arises as to whether finite automata can be an appropriate model for the human psyche. While models are simplified representations of reality, they need not equate to viewing the human psyche itself as a finite automaton. It is possible to analyze processes mechanistically without questioning the intentionality of the acting subject.