Dual-Responsive Magnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Nonviral Gene Delivery and Cell Separation

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Majewski, Alexander P. ; Schallon, Anja ; Jérôme, Valérie ; Freitag, Ruth ; Müller, Axel H. E. ; Schmalz, Holger:
Dual-Responsive Magnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Nonviral Gene Delivery and Cell Separation.
In: Biomacromolecules. Bd. 13 (2012) Heft 3 . - S. 857-866.
ISSN 1526-4602
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bm2017756

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Abstract

We present the synthesis of dual-responsive (pH and temperature) magnetic core shell nanoparticles utilizing the grafting-from approach. First, oleic acid stabilized superparamagnetic maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs), prepared by thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl, were surface-functionalized with ATRP initiating sites bearing a dopamine anchor group via ligand exchange. Subsequently, 2(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was polymerized from the surface by ATRP, yielding dual-responsive magnetic core shell NPs (gamma-Fe2O3@PDMAEMA). The attachment of the dopamine anchor group on the nanoparticle's surface is shown to be reversible to a certain extent, resulting in a grafting density of 0.15 chains per nm(2), after purification. Nevertheless, the grafted NPs show excellent long-term stability in water over a wide pH range and exhibit a pH- and temperature-dependent reversible agglomeration, as revealed by turbidimetry. The efficiency of gamma-Fe2O3@PDMAEMA hybrid nanoparticles as a potential transfection agent was explored under standard conditions in CHO-K1 cells. Remarkably, gamma-Fe2O3@PDMAEMA led to a 2-fold increase in the transfection efficiency without increasing the cytotoxicity, as compared to polyethyleneimine (PEI), and yielded on average more than 50% transfected cells. Moreover, after transfection with the hybrid nanoparticles, the cells acquired magnetic properties that could be used for selective isolation of transfected cells.